The first version of this carbine was the Cosmopolitan, designed and patented by Henry Gross in 1859 and manufactured by Edward Gwyn and Abner Campbell. It is a single-shot .52 caliber carbine that loads from the breech with a paper cartridge and a separate external percussion cap. After producing a batch of the guns, Gwyn and Campbell realized that the breechblock design could be much simplified, and they patented that simplification – essentially pushing Gross out of his own invention.
Several successive contracts for the carbines were fulfilled during the Civil War, with about 8,200 produced in total. It was not the most popular or most numerous cavalry carbine of the war, but it is rather remarkable for actually being reliable and delivered consistently on time.
Cap & Ball video on the Gwyn & Campbell:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AlgWUb7In1g
“Cosmopolitan and Gwyn & Campbell Carbines in the Civil War” by Thomas Rentschler:
https://amzn.to/4kvApNp
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